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| # Maze exploration animation using Pygame with A* algorithm (Auto-progress & enhanced effects - modified version)
import pygame
import random
import heapq
import math
import time # Added for dt calculation (clock.tick is also okay)
# --- Constants ---
# Grid settings
GRID_WIDTH = 31
GRID_HEIGHT = 25
CELL_SIZE = 15
MARGIN = 1
# Window size
WINDOW_WIDTH = GRID_WIDTH * (CELL_SIZE + MARGIN) + MARGIN
WINDOW_HEIGHT = GRID_HEIGHT * (CELL_SIZE + MARGIN) + MARGIN
# Colors (RGB) - Updated to a modern color scheme
WHITE = (245, 245, 245)
BLACK = (20, 20, 30)
GREY = (180, 180, 180)
GREEN = (76, 187, 23)
RED = (235, 64, 52)
BLUE = (66, 135, 245)
YELLOW = (250, 204, 21)
CYAN = (28, 186, 210)
ORANGE = (255, 126, 28)
LIGHT_ORANGE = (255, 183, 77) # For blinking
PATH_HIGHLIGHT = (130, 210, 240) # Light blue (for path display animation)
PATH_HIGHLIGHT_PULSE = (180, 230, 250) # For pulse effect
GOAL_FLASH = (255, 255, 255) # For goal reached effect
HOVER_COLOR = (220, 220, 220) # For hover effect
PURPLE = (180, 120, 240) # New color
PINK = (255, 105, 180) # New color
# Animation speed (Frames Per Second)
FPS = 60
# Wait time before auto-reset (seconds)
RESET_DELAY_SECONDS = 2.0
# Path highlight animation speed (cells per frame, smaller is slower)
PATH_HIGHLIGHT_SPEED = 0.3
# --- Helper functions (unchanged) ---
def heuristic(a, b):
(r1, c1) = a
(r2, c2) = b
return abs(r1 - r2) + abs(c1 - c2)
def get_valid_neighbors(node, grid):
neighbors = []
row, col = node
rows = len(grid)
cols = len(grid[0])
directions = [(0, 1), (0, -1), (1, 0), (-1, 0)]
for dr, dc in directions:
nr, nc = row + dr, col + dc
if 0 <= nr < rows and 0 <= nc < cols and grid[nr][nc] == 0:
neighbors.append((nr, nc))
return neighbors
def reconstruct_path(came_from, current):
path = []
while current in came_from:
path.append(current)
current = came_from[current]
path.reverse()
return path
def generate_maze(width, height):
grid = [[1 for _ in range(width)] for _ in range(height)]
start_r, start_c = random.randrange(1, height, 2), random.randrange(1, width, 2)
grid[start_r][start_c] = 0
stack = [(start_r, start_c)]
visited = {(start_r, start_c)}
while stack:
cr, cc = stack[-1]
neighbors = []
for dr, dc in [(0, 2), (0, -2), (2, 0), (-2, 0)]:
nr, nc = cr + dr, cc + dc
if 0 < nr < height - 1 and 0 < nc < width - 1 and (nr, nc) not in visited:
neighbors.append((nr, nc))
if neighbors:
nr, nc = random.choice(neighbors)
grid[(cr + nr) // 2][(cc + nc) // 2] = 0
grid[nr][nc] = 0
visited.add((nr, nc))
stack.append((nr, nc))
else:
stack.pop()
passages = [(r, c) for r in range(height) for c in range(width) if grid[r][c] == 0]
if len(passages) < 2:
start_node = (1, 1) if height > 1 and width > 1 else (0, 0)
end_node = (height - 2, width - 2) if height > 2 and width > 2 else start_node
if grid[start_node[0]][start_node[1]] == 1:
grid[start_node[0]][start_node[1]] = 0
if grid[end_node[0]][end_node[1]] == 1:
grid[end_node[0]][end_node[1]] = 0
else:
start_node = random.choice(passages)
end_node = random.choice(passages)
while end_node == start_node:
end_node = random.choice(passages)
return grid, start_node, end_node
# Particle class definition - Improved for more diverse effects
class Particle:
def __init__(self, x, y, color, particle_type="normal"):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.base_color = color # Keep the original color
self.color = color
self.particle_type = particle_type
self.size = (
random.randint(2, 6)
if particle_type == "normal"
else random.randint(3, 8)
)
self.speed = (
random.uniform(1, 5) * 50 # Speed adjustment (dt-based)
if particle_type == "normal"
else random.uniform(0.5, 3) * 50 # Speed adjustment (dt-based)
)
self.angle = random.uniform(0, math.pi * 2)
self.lifespan = (
random.uniform(0.5, 1.5)
if particle_type == "normal"
else random.uniform(1.0, 2.5)
)
self.age = 0
self.pulse_rate = random.uniform(3.0, 6.0) # For pulse effect
self.original_size = self.size # For size variation
self.fade_in_duration = 0.3 # Fade-in duration
self.fade_out_start_ratio = 0.7 # At what percentage of lifespan should fade-out start?
# Number of vertices for star particles
self.vertices = random.randint(4, 6) if particle_type == "star" else 0
# For trail particles
self.trail = []
self.trail_length = 5 if particle_type == "trail" else 0
# For ripple effect
if particle_type == "ripple":
self.size = 1
self.max_size = random.randint(15, 25)
self.expand_speed = random.uniform(0.8, 1.2) * 30 # Speed adjustment (dt-based)
self.lifespan = random.uniform(1.0, 1.5)
self.speed = 0 # Ripple does not move
def update(self, dt):
self.x += math.cos(self.angle) * self.speed * dt
self.y += math.sin(self.angle) * self.speed * dt
self.age += dt
# Update process according to particle type
size_decay_rate = self.original_size / (self.lifespan * (1.0 - self.fade_out_start_ratio)) if self.lifespan > 0 else 1
if self.particle_type == "normal":
if self.age >= self.lifespan * self.fade_out_start_ratio:
self.size = max(0, self.size - size_decay_rate * dt)
elif self.particle_type == "pulse":
pulse = math.sin(self.age * self.pulse_rate) * 0.5 + 0.5
current_size_factor = 1.0
if self.age >= self.lifespan * self.fade_out_start_ratio:
current_size_factor = max(0, 1 - (self.age - self.lifespan * self.fade_out_start_ratio) / (self.lifespan * (1.0 - self.fade_out_start_ratio)))
self.size = self.original_size * (0.5 + pulse * 0.5) * current_size_factor
elif self.particle_type == "fade_in":
if self.age < self.fade_in_duration:
self.size = self.original_size * (self.age / self.fade_in_duration)
elif self.age >= self.lifespan * self.fade_out_start_ratio:
fade_out_duration = self.lifespan * (1.0 - self.fade_out_start_ratio)
self.size = max(0, self.original_size * (1 - (self.age - self.lifespan * self.fade_out_start_ratio) / fade_out_duration))
else:
self.size = self.original_size # Max size after fade-in and before fade-out
elif self.particle_type == "trail":
self.trail.append((self.x, self.y))
if len(self.trail) > self.trail_length:
self.trail.pop(0)
if self.age >= self.lifespan * self.fade_out_start_ratio:
self.size = max(0, self.size - size_decay_rate * dt * 0.5) # Trail disappears a bit slower
elif self.particle_type == "ripple":
self.size = min(self.size + self.expand_speed * dt, self.max_size)
elif self.particle_type == "star":
if self.age >= self.lifespan * self.fade_out_start_ratio:
self.size = max(0, self.size - size_decay_rate * dt)
else: # default or rainbow etc.
if self.age >= self.lifespan * self.fade_out_start_ratio:
self.size = max(0, self.size - size_decay_rate * dt)
# Color change (hue changes over time - rainbow type)
if self.particle_type == "rainbow":
hue_shift = (self.age * 100) % 360
# HSV -> RGB conversion (simplified version)
r_val, g_val, b_val = 0, 0, 0
i = int(hue_shift / 60) % 6
f = hue_shift / 60 - i
v = 1.0 # Value (brightness)
s = 1.0 # Saturation
p = v * (1 - s)
q = v * (1 - f * s)
t = v * (1 - (1 - f) * s)
if i == 0: r_val, g_val, b_val = v, t, p
elif i == 1: r_val, g_val, b_val = q, v, p
elif i == 2: r_val, g_val, b_val = p, v, t
elif i == 3: r_val, g_val, b_val = p, q, v
elif i == 4: r_val, g_val, b_val = t, p, v
elif i == 5: r_val, g_val, b_val = v, p, q
self.color = (int(r_val*255), int(g_val*255), int(b_val*255))
def draw(self, surface):
if self.size <= 0: # Do not draw if size is 0 or less
return
# Calculate transparency for fade-in/out effects
alpha = 255
if self.particle_type == "ripple":
# Calculate transparency for ripple effect (gradually fades)
progress = self.age / self.lifespan if self.lifespan > 0 else 1
alpha = max(0, min(255, int(255 * (1 - progress) * 0.8))) # Become more transparent towards the end
elif self.particle_type == "fade_in":
if self.age < self.fade_in_duration:
alpha = int(255 * (self.age / self.fade_in_duration))
elif self.age >= self.lifespan * self.fade_out_start_ratio:
fade_out_duration = self.lifespan * (1.0 - self.fade_out_start_ratio)
if fade_out_duration > 0:
alpha = max(0, min(255, int(255 * (1 - (self.age - self.lifespan * self.fade_out_start_ratio) / fade_out_duration))))
else:
alpha = 0 # Just in case
else:
alpha = 255
else: # Normal, Pulse, Star, Trail, Rainbow etc.
# Common fade-out process
if self.age >= self.lifespan * self.fade_out_start_ratio:
fade_out_duration = self.lifespan * (1.0 - self.fade_out_start_ratio)
if fade_out_duration > 0:
alpha = max(0, min(255, int(255 * (1 - (self.age - self.lifespan * self.fade_out_start_ratio) / fade_out_duration))))
else:
alpha = 0
else:
alpha = 255
# Validate and set color
try:
current_color = self.color if self.particle_type == "rainbow" else self.base_color
if isinstance(current_color, tuple) and len(current_color) == 3:
r = max(0, min(255, int(current_color[0])))
g = max(0, min(255, int(current_color[1])))
b = max(0, min(255, int(current_color[2])))
final_color = (r, g, b, alpha)
else:
final_color = (255, 255, 255, alpha) # Default color
# Drawing according to particle type
if self.particle_type == "ripple":
# Ripple effect (draw outline)
line_width = max(1, int(self.max_size / 15 * (1 - self.age / self.lifespan))) # Outline gradually becomes thinner
if self.size >= 1: # Minimum radius 1 or more
pygame.draw.circle(surface, final_color, (int(self.x), int(self.y)), int(self.size), width=line_width)
elif self.particle_type == "star" and self.vertices > 0:
# Star particle
points = []
outer_radius = self.size
inner_radius = self.size * 0.4
for i in range(self.vertices * 2):
angle = math.pi / self.vertices * i - math.pi / 2 # Adjust so the vertex is at the top
radius = outer_radius if i % 2 == 0 else inner_radius
x_p = self.x + math.cos(angle) * radius
y_p = self.y + math.sin(angle) * radius
points.append((x_p, y_p))
if len(points) >= 3: # At least 3 points required
pygame.draw.polygon(surface, final_color, points)
elif self.particle_type == "trail" and len(self.trail) > 1:
# Trail particle
for i in range(len(self.trail) - 1):
start_pos = self.trail[i]
end_pos = self.trail[i + 1]
# Adjust trail alpha and width
trail_alpha = alpha * ((i + 1) / len(self.trail))**2 # Fainter towards the end
trail_width = max(1, int(self.size * ((i + 1) / len(self.trail))))
trail_color_tuple = (final_color[0], final_color[1], final_color[2], int(trail_alpha))
pygame.draw.line(surface, trail_color_tuple, start_pos, end_pos, trail_width)
# Also draw the circle at the tip
pygame.draw.circle(surface, final_color, (int(self.x), int(self.y)), int(self.size))
else:
# Normal circular particles (Normal, Pulse, Fade_in, Rainbow)
pygame.draw.circle(surface, final_color, (int(self.x), int(self.y)), int(self.size))
except (ValueError, TypeError) as e:
# Use default color if an error occurs
print(f"Error drawing particle: {e}, color={self.color}, alpha={alpha}, size={self.size}")
try:
safe_color = (255, 255, 255, alpha)
if self.size >= 1:
pygame.draw.circle(surface, safe_color, (int(self.x), int(self.y)), int(max(1, self.size))) # Ensure minimum size of 1
except Exception as final_e:
print(f"Final fallback drawing failed: {final_e}")
# --- Pygame Initialization ---
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("A* Maze Solver Animation (Auto-Repeat, ESC: Quit)")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
font = pygame.font.Font(None, 24)
# --- State Variables ---
grid = []
start_node = None
end_node = None
open_set_heap = []
open_set_map = {}
closed_set = set()
came_from = {}
g_score = {}
path = []
current_node = None
solving = False
maze_generated = False
message = ""
particles = [] # List for particles (ripples also integrated here)
# ripples = [] # Removed as it's no longer needed
node_pulses = [] # For pulse effect during node search (currently might be unused?)
# --- Auto-Reset Variables ---
reset_timer = 0 # Wait frame counter
RESET_DELAY_FRAMES = int(RESET_DELAY_SECONDS * FPS) # Convert seconds to number of frames
start_reset_timer_after_highlight = False # Flag to start timer after highlighting is complete
# --- Path Highlight Animation Variables ---
path_highlight_index = 0.0 # Use float to advance slowly
highlighting_path = False
# --- Goal Reached Effect ---
goal_reached_flash = False # Is it the frame immediately after reaching the goal?
# --- Main Loop ---
running = True
frame_count = 0 # For blinking animation
hover_cell = None # Currently hovered cell
while running:
# --- Delta Time Calculation ---
dt = clock.tick(FPS) / 1000.0 # Delta time in seconds (avoid division by zero)
if dt == 0: dt = 1 / FPS # Ensure minimum time step
# --- Event Handling ---
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_ESCAPE:
running = False
# Get hovered cell from mouse coordinates
mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
mouse_col = mouse_pos[0] // (CELL_SIZE + MARGIN)
mouse_row = mouse_pos[1] // (CELL_SIZE + MARGIN)
if 0 <= mouse_row < GRID_HEIGHT and 0 <= mouse_col < GRID_WIDTH:
hover_cell = (mouse_row, mouse_col)
else:
hover_cell = None
# --- State Update ---
if not maze_generated:
# Reset wait timer
reset_timer = 0
start_reset_timer_after_highlight = False
highlighting_path = False
path_highlight_index = 0.0
goal_reached_flash = False
hover_cell = None
particles = [] # Clear existing particles
message = "Generating new maze..."
screen.fill(BLACK)
msg_render = font.render(message, True, WHITE)
screen.blit(msg_render, (10, WINDOW_HEIGHT // 2 - 10))
pygame.display.flip()
grid, start_node, end_node = generate_maze(GRID_WIDTH, GRID_HEIGHT)
open_set_heap = []
open_set_map = {}
closed_set = set()
came_from = {}
path = []
current_node = None
g_score = {
(r, c): float("inf") for r in range(GRID_HEIGHT) for c in range(GRID_WIDTH)
}
if start_node: # Confirm start_node is not None
g_score[start_node] = 0
h_start = heuristic(start_node, end_node) if end_node else 0
f_start = g_score[start_node] + h_start
heapq.heappush(open_set_heap, (f_start, h_start, start_node))
open_set_map[start_node] = (f_start, h_start)
maze_generated = True
solving = True if start_node and end_node else False # Do not solve if start/end nodes are missing
message = "Solving..." if solving else "Maze generated (No start/end?)"
# --- A* Algorithm Step Execution ---
if solving and open_set_heap:
current_f, current_h, current_node_popped = heapq.heappop(open_set_heap)
# Skip if removed from open_set_map or a better path was found later
if current_node_popped not in open_set_map or open_set_map[current_node_popped] > (current_f, current_h):
pass # Ignore and proceed to the next loop
else:
# Remove from open_set_map because it's being processed (may be re-added)
# Since it's targeted for processing when popped from heapq, del might be unnecessary. Duplication check is done in the if statement above.
# del open_set_map[current_node_popped] # Deletion here might be unnecessary
current_node = current_node_popped
if current_node == end_node:
path = reconstruct_path(came_from, current_node)
solving = False
message = "Goal Reached! Highlighting path..."
current_node = None
highlighting_path = True
path_highlight_index = 0.0
goal_reached_flash = True # Effect generation flag ON
start_reset_timer_after_highlight = True
else:
closed_set.add(current_node)
# Definitely remove from open_set_map (because it entered closed_set)
if current_node in open_set_map:
del open_set_map[current_node]
# Add ripple effect to the node being explored
node_x = (current_node[1] * (CELL_SIZE + MARGIN)) + MARGIN + CELL_SIZE // 2
node_y = (current_node[0] * (CELL_SIZE + MARGIN)) + MARGIN + CELL_SIZE // 2
# Generate ripple effect (using Particle class)
particles.append(Particle(node_x, node_y, YELLOW, "ripple")) # Change color to YELLOW
# Generate a small amount of small particles (during exploration)
if random.random() < 0.1: # Slightly lower the probability
for _ in range(1): # Reduce the number
color = random.choice([YELLOW, ORANGE]) # Match color to exploration color
particles.append(Particle(node_x, node_y, color, "fade_in"))
for neighbor in get_valid_neighbors(current_node, grid):
if neighbor in closed_set:
continue
tentative_g_score = g_score[current_node] + 1
# Ignore if this path is not better than the existing one, or if a better path already exists in the open set
# Note: open_set_map stores (f, h)
neighbor_in_open = open_set_map.get(neighbor)
if neighbor_in_open and tentative_g_score >= g_score.get(neighbor, float('inf')):
continue
# If a better path is found, or visiting for the first time
came_from[neighbor] = current_node
g_score[neighbor] = tentative_g_score
h_neighbor = heuristic(neighbor, end_node)
f_neighbor = tentative_g_score + h_neighbor
# Add if not in open_set, update if present (heapq doesn't support direct update, so add a new element)
heapq.heappush(open_set_heap, (f_neighbor, h_neighbor, neighbor))
open_set_map[neighbor] = (f_neighbor, h_neighbor) # Save f, h
elif solving and not open_set_heap:
solving = False
message = f"No path found! Resetting in {RESET_DELAY_SECONDS:.1f}s..."
current_node = None
reset_timer = RESET_DELAY_FRAMES # Start timer immediately on exploration failure
# --- Path Highlight Processing ---
if highlighting_path and path:
if path_highlight_index < len(path):
path_highlight_index += PATH_HIGHLIGHT_SPEED * FPS * dt # Adjust speed using dt
# Processing at the moment of completion
if path_highlight_index >= len(path):
path_highlight_index = len(path)
if start_reset_timer_after_highlight:
reset_timer = RESET_DELAY_FRAMES
message = f"Path complete! Resetting in {RESET_DELAY_SECONDS:.1f}s..."
start_reset_timer_after_highlight = False
# --- Auto-Reset Timer Processing ---
if reset_timer > 0:
reset_timer -= 1 # Countdown on a frame basis
remaining_time = reset_timer / FPS # Convert to seconds for display
if not solving and not path:
message = f"No path found! Resetting in {remaining_time:.1f}s..."
elif not solving and path and path_highlight_index >= len(path):
message = f"Path complete! Resetting in {remaining_time:.1f}s..."
if reset_timer <= 0:
maze_generated = False
# --- Drawing Process ---
# Gradient background
for y in range(WINDOW_HEIGHT):
time_factor = math.sin(frame_count * 0.005) * 0.2
r_base = 30 + int(10 * time_factor)
g_base = 40 + int(15 * time_factor)
b_base = 60 + int(20 * time_factor)
gradient_factor = math.sin(math.pi * y / WINDOW_HEIGHT)
r = int(r_base + (50 - r_base) * gradient_factor) # Adjust to be slightly darker
g = int(g_base + (70 - g_base) * gradient_factor) # Adjust to be slightly darker
b = int(b_base + (90 - b_base) * gradient_factor) # Adjust to be slightly darker
pygame.draw.line(screen, (max(0,r), max(0,g), max(0,b)), (0, y), (WINDOW_WIDTH, y))
# Improve cell texture (shadow and gloss) - This part can remain as is
shadow_surface = pygame.Surface((WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT), pygame.SRCALPHA)
for row in range(GRID_HEIGHT):
for col in range(GRID_WIDTH):
rect = pygame.Rect(
(MARGIN + CELL_SIZE) * col + MARGIN,
(MARGIN + CELL_SIZE) * row + MARGIN,
CELL_SIZE,
CELL_SIZE,
)
if grid[row][col] == 0: # Passage
pygame.draw.rect(shadow_surface, (0, 0, 0, 30), rect.inflate(1, 1), border_radius=3) # Slightly lighter shadow
light_rect = rect.inflate(-3, -3).move(-1, -1)
pygame.draw.rect(shadow_surface, (255, 255, 255, 50), light_rect, border_radius=2) # Gloss is also slightly subdued
else: # Wall
pygame.draw.rect(shadow_surface, (0, 0, 0, 20), rect.inflate(1, 1), border_radius=2)
pygame.draw.rect(shadow_surface, (0, 0, 0, 30), rect.inflate(-2, -2), border_radius=1, width=1) # Inner shadow
screen.blit(shadow_surface, (0, 0))
# Particle generation upon reaching the goal
if goal_reached_flash:
goal_x = (end_node[1] * (CELL_SIZE + MARGIN)) + MARGIN + CELL_SIZE // 2
goal_y = (end_node[0] * (CELL_SIZE + MARGIN)) + MARGIN + CELL_SIZE // 2
# Generate diverse particle types
for _ in range(40): # Increase normal particles
color = random.choice([RED, YELLOW, ORANGE, BLUE, GREEN, PURPLE, PINK, WHITE])
particles.append(Particle(goal_x, goal_y, color, "normal"))
for _ in range(15): # Increase star particles
color = random.choice([YELLOW, WHITE, ORANGE, CYAN])
particles.append(Particle(goal_x, goal_y, color, "star"))
for _ in range(10): # Pulse effect
color = random.choice([CYAN, PURPLE, PINK, BLUE])
particles.append(Particle(goal_x, goal_y, color, "pulse"))
for _ in range(8): # Trail particle
color = random.choice([BLUE, CYAN, WHITE, GREEN])
particles.append(Particle(goal_x, goal_y, color, "trail"))
for _ in range(10): # Rainbow particle
particles.append(Particle(goal_x, goal_y, WHITE, "rainbow")) # Initial color white is fine
for _ in range(6): # Also generate ripple effect as Particle
color = random.choice([WHITE, CYAN, BLUE, YELLOW]) # Ripple color
particles.append(Particle(goal_x, goal_y, color, "ripple")) # Generate with ripple type
goal_reached_flash = False # â
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# Cell drawing loop
for row in range(GRID_HEIGHT):
for col in range(GRID_WIDTH):
color = WHITE
if grid[row][col] == 1:
color = BLACK
node = (row, col)
is_path_node = False # Flag indicating whether it is a target for path highlighting
# --- Color setting according to cell state ---
if node in closed_set:
# Color for closed list (explored) - Slightly darker CYAN
color = (20, 140, 160)
# Node in open_set_map (exploration candidate) - Slightly darker YELLOW
# Even if the same node exists multiple times in heapq, open_set_map should contain the latest (f,h)
if node in open_set_map:
color = (200, 160, 10) # Slightly darker YELLOW
# --- Path Highlighting ---
if highlighting_path and path:
current_path_segment_index = int(path_highlight_index)
if node in path[:current_path_segment_index]:
is_path_node = True
pulse_factor = math.sin(frame_count * 0.15 + path.index(node) * 0.1) * 0.5 + 0.5 # Phase shift based on node position
r = int(PATH_HIGHLIGHT[0] + (PATH_HIGHLIGHT_PULSE[0] - PATH_HIGHLIGHT[0]) * pulse_factor)
g = int(PATH_HIGHLIGHT[1] + (PATH_HIGHLIGHT_PULSE[1] - PATH_HIGHLIGHT[1]) * pulse_factor)
b = int(PATH_HIGHLIGHT[2] + (PATH_HIGHLIGHT_PULSE[2] - PATH_HIGHLIGHT[2]) * pulse_factor)
color = (r, g, b)
# Effect for the leading node
if current_path_segment_index < len(path) and node == path[current_path_segment_index - 1]:
if (frame_count // 4) % 2 == 0: # Adjust blink speed
color = PATH_HIGHLIGHT_PULSE
# Particle at the tip (low probability)
if random.random() < 0.15: # Slightly increase probability
x = (node[1] * (CELL_SIZE + MARGIN)) + MARGIN + CELL_SIZE // 2
y = (node[0] * (CELL_SIZE + MARGIN)) + MARGIN + CELL_SIZE // 2
particles.append(Particle(x, y, PATH_HIGHLIGHT_PULSE, "fade_in")) # Match the color
# --- Currently Explored Node ---
if solving and node == current_node:
# Blinking effect
if (frame_count // 8) % 2 == 0: # Adjust blink speed
color = LIGHT_ORANGE
else:
color = ORANGE
# --- Start and Goal ---
if node == start_node:
color = GREEN
elif node == end_node:
# Flash immediately after reaching the goal is not managed by the goal_reached_flash flag,
# other methods like making it brighter for the first few frames when highlighting_path becomes True can be considered
# Currently kept simple as RED
color = RED
# --- Cell Drawing ---
rect = pygame.Rect(
(MARGIN + CELL_SIZE) * col + MARGIN,
(MARGIN + CELL_SIZE) * row + MARGIN,
CELL_SIZE,
CELL_SIZE,
)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, color, rect, border_radius=3)
# --- Gloss and Hover Effect ---
is_floor_like = (grid[row][col] == 0 or node == start_node or node == end_node or node in open_set_map or node in closed_set or is_path_node)
if is_floor_like:
# Gloss
highlight_rect = rect.copy()
highlight_rect.height = max(1, CELL_SIZE // 4) # Slightly smaller
highlight_color = (min(255, color[0] + 40), min(255, color[1] + 40), min(255, color[2] + 40))
pygame.draw.rect(screen, highlight_color, highlight_rect, border_top_left_radius=3, border_top_right_radius=3)
# Hover
if hover_cell == node:
hover_rect = rect.inflate(-1, -1) # To avoid overlapping with the border
hover_color = HOVER_COLOR # Fixed color might be clearer
# pygame.draw.rect(screen, hover_color, hover_rect, border_radius=2) # Fill
pygame.draw.rect(screen, hover_color, hover_rect, width=1, border_radius=2) # Display with border
# --- Border Line ---
border_color = (max(0, color[0] - 50), max(0, color[1] - 50), max(0, color[2] - 50)) # Darker
pygame.draw.rect(screen, border_color, rect, 1, border_radius=3)
frame_count += 1 # Increment frame_count here
# --- Particle Update and Drawing ---
active_particles = []
for p in particles:
p.update(dt) # Pass dt for update
# Survival check based on lifespan and size (or reaching max size for ripples)
is_alive = p.age < p.lifespan
if p.particle_type == "ripple":
# Ripple disappears when lifespan ends (keeps moving even after reaching max_size)
pass
else:
# Normal particles disappear when size becomes 0
is_alive = is_alive and p.size > 0
if is_alive:
active_particles.append(p)
particles = active_particles # Keep only active particles
# Create a transparent Surface for particle drawing
# Using SRCALPHA ensures that the alpha value (transparency) of each particle is handled correctly
particle_surface = pygame.Surface((WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_HEIGHT), pygame.SRCALPHA)
for p in particles:
p.draw(particle_surface) # Draw on the transparent Surface
# Blit particle_surface onto the screen (where background and cells are already drawn)
screen.blit(particle_surface, (0, 0))
# --- Message Display ---
if message:
text_color = WHITE
stroke_color = BLACK
msg_render = font.render(message, True, text_color)
# Draw stroke
for dx, dy in [(-1,-1), (-1,1), (1,-1), (1,1), (-1,0), (1,0), (0,-1), (0,1)]:
stroke_render = font.render(message, True, stroke_color)
screen.blit(stroke_render, (10 + dx, WINDOW_HEIGHT - 25 + dy))
# Draw main text
screen.blit(msg_render, (10, WINDOW_HEIGHT - 25))
# --- Screen Update ---
pygame.display.flip()
# Resetting goal_reached_flash moved to immediately after particle generation
# --- Cleanup Process ---
pygame.quit()
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